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{{Infobox terrorist attack|title = Wall Street bombing|image = Wallstreetbmb.jpg|caption = The aftermath of the explosion|location = New York City, New York|date = [September 16, 1920-4|type = [car bombing|fatalities = 38|injuries = 400|perps = unknown; the
Galleanists (Italy
anarchism) are suspected|motive = allegedly, revenge for arrest of
Galleanists-->
The
Wall Street bombing was a terrorism incident that occurred at 12:01 p.m. on September 16, 1920, in the
Financial District (Manhattan) of New York City. It was the deadliest bomb attack on United States soil for seven years, until the
Bath School disaster. Thirty-eight were killed and 400 persons were injured by the blast.Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
Attack
At noon, a
horse-drawn wagon passed by lunchtime crowds on Wall Street in New York City. The wagon then stopped across the street from the headquarters of the JPMorgan Chase & Co. bank at
23 Wall Street, on the Financial District's busiest corner.Inside, 100 pounds (45 kg) of dynamite with 500 pounds (230 kg) of heavy cast-iron slugs exploded in a timer-set detonation, sending the slugs tearing through the air. The horse and wagon were vaporized. Scores of bodies littered the street, and the bomb caused over $2 million in property damage, wrecking most of the interior spaces of the Morgan building. An
automobile was hurled into the air, and glass was shattered for blocks (the damage can still be seen on the buildings today ). Word soon spread that another bomb was nearby, creating further panic.
Shortly before the bomb exploded, a warning note had been placed in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway. The warning read:
Remember we will not tolerate any longer. Free the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchist Fighters.The bomb failed to kill any high government officials, instead claiming mostly office clerks, runners, and stenographers as its victims.http://www.thestreet.com/comment/ballotdance/10001305.html
Reaction
, taken January 2006The American public was unaccustomed to such acts; though eight
Chicago police officers had been killed during the
Haymarket Riot in 1886, President William McKinley had been
assassination in
1901, the
Los Angeles Times offices were burnt down in 1910 (killing twenty), and bombs were mailed to government leaders, the Wall Street attack was unusual in that it was detonated in a public place, evidently targeting financial workers and institutions. Officials blamed anarchism and communism elements, fuelling the ongoing Palmer raids. The
Washington Post went so far as to call the bombing an "act of war."http://www.h-net.org/~hns/articles/2001/091701a.html
Wall Street reopened the next day, with evidence of the bombing covered by cloths. The public was jittery: headlines warned that other buildings might be bombed, and that bridges on the West Coast of the United States would also be targeted by terrorists. In defiance, the J.P. Morgan company decided not to fix the visible damage of 23 Wall Street, and it is still visible today.
Well after the deportation of 10,000 radicals by the Palmer raids, and the development of the Justice Department's General Intelligence Division (forerunner of the
FBI), the era of political bombings in America by the radical left finally ended in 1932.
Perpetrators
Anarchists were suspected, especially the Galleanists, Italian anarchist followers of
Luigi Galleani. The Galleanists had a motive for planning the bombing, because they were incensed over the indictment for murder of two of their colleagues, Sacco and Vanzetti. Discrimination against immigrants and resident aliens, especially those from Eastern Europe and Sicily, increased notably after the attack, and public support for the Palmer raids increased. Investigators searched hundreds of
stables to determine who had purchased the horse and wagon, but nothing was uncovered. The note was analyzed and its language structure found similar to other 'bomb' leaflets left at the scene by the Galleanists, but this by itself was insufficient. Despite vows that the police would catch the perpetrators, no charges were ever filed. The FBI rendered the file inactive in 1940, and the crime remains unsolved.
One Galleanist in particular, Mario Buda (1884 - 1971?), an associate of Sacco and Vanzetti (whose car led to the arrest of the latter for a separate robbery and murder), is alleged by some historians, including
Paul Avrich, to have planted the bomb as revenge for the arrest and indictment of his fellow Galleanists. Buda (at that time known as Mike Boda) had just managed to elude authorities at the time of Sacco and Vanzetti's arrest, was experienced in the use of dynamite, and is believed to have constructed several of the largest dynamite package bombs for the Galleanists. He was also in New York at the time of the bombing. However, he was never arrested or questioned by police. After leaving New York, Buda resumed the use of his real name in order to secure a passport from the Italian vice-consul, then promptly sailed for Naples. By November he was back in his native Italy, never to return to the United States.
See also
References
- Avrich, Paul, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press, 1991
- Davis, Mike. Buda's Wagon: A Brief History of the Car Bomb, Verso Books, 2007.
External links
- The First Wall Street Bombing
{{Infobox terrorist attack|title = Wall Street bombing|image = Wallstreetbmb.jpg|caption = The aftermath of the explosion|location =
New York City, New York|date = [September 16,
1920-4|type = [car bombing|fatalities = 38|injuries = 400|perps = unknown; the
Galleanists (Italy anarchism) are suspected|motive = allegedly, revenge for arrest of
Galleanists-->
The
Wall Street bombing was a terrorism incident that occurred at 12:01 p.m. on
September 16,
1920, in the Financial District (Manhattan) of New York City. It was the deadliest bomb attack on United States soil for seven years, until the Bath School disaster. Thirty-eight were killed and 400 persons were injured by the blast.Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
Attack
At noon, a horse-drawn wagon passed by lunchtime crowds on
Wall Street in New York City. The wagon then stopped across the street from the headquarters of the JPMorgan Chase & Co. bank at 23 Wall Street, on the Financial District's busiest corner.Inside, 100 pounds (45 kg) of
dynamite with 500 pounds (230 kg) of heavy cast-iron slugs exploded in a timer-set detonation, sending the slugs tearing through the air. The horse and wagon were vaporized. Scores of bodies littered the street, and the bomb caused over $2 million in property damage, wrecking most of the interior spaces of the Morgan building. An automobile was hurled into the air, and glass was shattered for blocks (the damage can still be seen on the buildings today ). Word soon spread that another bomb was nearby, creating further panic.
Shortly before the bomb exploded, a warning note had been placed in a mailbox at the corner of Cedar Street and Broadway. The warning read:
Remember we will not tolerate any longer. Free the political prisoners or it will be sure death for all of you. American Anarchist Fighters.The bomb failed to kill any high government officials, instead claiming mostly office clerks, runners, and stenographers as its victims.http://www.thestreet.com/comment/ballotdance/10001305.html
Reaction
, taken January 2006The American public was unaccustomed to such acts; though eight
Chicago police officers had been killed during the Haymarket Riot in
1886, President
William McKinley had been assassination in 1901, the
Los Angeles Times offices were burnt down in
1910 (killing twenty), and bombs were mailed to government leaders, the Wall Street attack was unusual in that it was detonated in a public place, evidently targeting financial workers and institutions. Officials blamed
anarchism and
communism elements, fuelling the ongoing
Palmer raids. The
Washington Post went so far as to call the bombing an "act of war."http://www.h-net.org/~hns/articles/2001/091701a.html
Wall Street reopened the next day, with evidence of the bombing covered by cloths. The public was jittery: headlines warned that other buildings might be bombed, and that bridges on the West Coast of the United States would also be targeted by terrorists. In defiance, the J.P. Morgan company decided not to fix the visible damage of 23 Wall Street, and it is still visible today.
Well after the deportation of 10,000 radicals by the Palmer raids, and the development of the Justice Department's General Intelligence Division (forerunner of the FBI), the era of political bombings in America by the radical left finally ended in 1932.
Perpetrators
Anarchists were suspected, especially the Galleanists, Italian anarchist followers of
Luigi Galleani. The Galleanists had a motive for planning the bombing, because they were incensed over the indictment for murder of two of their colleagues, Sacco and Vanzetti. Discrimination against immigrants and resident aliens, especially those from
Eastern Europe and
Sicily, increased notably after the attack, and public support for the Palmer raids increased. Investigators searched hundreds of stables to determine who had purchased the horse and wagon, but nothing was uncovered. The note was analyzed and its language structure found similar to other 'bomb' leaflets left at the scene by the Galleanists, but this by itself was insufficient. Despite vows that the police would catch the perpetrators, no charges were ever filed. The FBI rendered the file inactive in 1940, and the crime remains unsolved.
One Galleanist in particular, Mario Buda (1884 - 1971?), an associate of Sacco and Vanzetti (whose car led to the arrest of the latter for a separate robbery and murder), is alleged by some historians, including Paul Avrich, to have planted the bomb as revenge for the arrest and indictment of his fellow Galleanists. Buda (at that time known as Mike Boda) had just managed to elude authorities at the time of Sacco and Vanzetti's arrest, was experienced in the use of dynamite, and is believed to have constructed several of the largest dynamite package bombs for the Galleanists. He was also in New York at the time of the bombing. However, he was never arrested or questioned by police. After leaving New York, Buda resumed the use of his real name in order to secure a passport from the Italian vice-consul, then promptly sailed for
Naples. By November he was back in his native Italy, never to return to the United States.
See also
References
- Avrich, Paul, Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background, Princeton University Press, 1991
- Davis, Mike. Buda's Wagon: A Brief History of the Car Bomb, Verso Books, 2007.
External links
- The First Wall Street Bombing
Wall Street bombing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Wall Street bombing was a terrorist incident that occurred at 12:01 p.m. on September 16, 1920, in the Financial District of New York City. It was the deadliest bomb attack on ...
Wall Street - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
While theories abound about who was behind the Wall Street bombing and why they did it, after twenty years investigating the matter, the FBI rendered the file inactive in 1940 ...
Category:Wall Street - Wikimedia Commons
Media in category "Wall Street" The following 45 files are in this category, out ... Wall Street bombing ... 1,008,019 bytes
History News Service
The First Wall Street Bomb By Beverly Gage History News Service
FW: BOMBING FOR DOLLARS: ATTACK ON BAGHDAD BAILED OUT WALL STREET
The following is an archived copy of a message sent to a Discussion List run by the Campaign Against Sanctions on Iraq. Views expressed in this archived message are those of the ...
Wall Street - definition of Wall Street by the Free Online Dictionary ...
Wall Street (wôl) n. The controlling financial interests of the United States. ... Wall Street bombing Wall Street Bull Wall Street Crash Wall Street Crash 1929
INEX: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Wall Street bombing)
Table of Contents. 1 The attack; 2 Casualties; 3 Reaction; 4 Perpetrators; 5 External links; The Wall Street bombing was a deadly terrorist incident that occurred on September 16 ...
1920: Wall Street Bombing--Terrorism in America
The Wall Street Bombing of 1920 was the most destructive terrorist attack to date in the United States. It helped provoke fears that anarchist or "red" terrorism in America was ...
Wall Street (Manhattan) definition of Wall Street (Manhattan) in the ...
Wall Street, narrow street in the lower part of Manhattan island, New York City ... Wall Street bombing Wall Street Bull: Wall Street Crash Wall Street Crash 1929
Previous Terror on Wall Street -- A Look at a 1920 Bombing - page 1 of ...
Last week's terrorist attack offers interesting parallels with the anarchist scare of the Roaring Twenties. But the Street marched on.
